MATTER ACTIVITIES

THE PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS

All materials have special properties which make them useful for a specific purpose.

• Steel is strong and resistant.
• Leather is flexible.
• Rubber is elastic.
• Glass is transparent.
• Aluminium is light and resistant.
• Pottery is fragile.

Images from wikipedia.
Aluminium, Glass, Pottery, Rubber, Leather, Steel

MAN-MADE MATERIALS

Man-made materials are not found in nature.
They are manufactured from raw materials.

MAN MADE MATERIALS 
Photos from Flickr (Cement) and Wikipedia (Asphalt, Glass, Concrete, Plastic)

NATURAL MATERIALS

We find natural materials in nature.
Natural materials come from animals, plants or minerals.

• Leather, wool and silk come from animals.
• Wood and rubber come from plants.
• Granite and marble come from minerals.

NATURAL MATERIALS
Photos from Flickr (Hemp) and Wikipedia (Wood, Petroleum, Gold)

WHAT ARE MATERIALS?

Materials are the substances we use for building, making tools, making clothes...

Some materials to build something... Photot from Antidote to Burnout

OXIDATION AND COMBUSTION

Oxidation and combustion are chemical changes.
Oxidation is when a substance combines with oxygen.
Combustion is when something burns.

CHEMICAL CHANGES

A chemical change is when one or more substances change into one or more different substances.
This is also called a chemical reaction.

• When wood or fabric burn, they change into ashes and carbon dioxide.
• When milk changes into yoghurt or cheese, it is no longer milk.
• When fruit is overripe, the colour and flavour change.

Chemical reactions are frequently used in industry.

Overripe pear. Photo by Nancy Waldman

CHANGES OF STATE

Substances change state when they are heated or cooled.
We call these physical changes because the substances stay the same.

Photo by: By M.manary at en.wikibooks [Public domain], from Wikimedia Commons

CHANGES IN MATTER: MIXTURES

Mixtures are two or more substances mixed together.
Alloys are mixtures of two metals.
Alloys have different properties from the metals they are made of.

MATTER CHANGES

Matter changes all the time.
Three types of changes in matter are: mixtures, changes of state and chemical changes.

THE STATES OF MATTER

All matter exists in three states:

• Solid: solids have a fixed volume and a shape which does not change.
• Liquid: liquids have a fixed volume, but their shape can change. They adopt the shape of the container they are in. Liquids can flow from one place to another.
• Gas: gases do not have a fixed shape or a fixed volume. They adopt the shape and the volume of the container they are in.

Images from Wikipedia

THE PROPERTIES OF MATTER

All objects have two properties in common:

• Mass: is the amount of matter in an object. Mass is measured in Kilograms or grams.
• Volume: is the amount of space an object occupies. The volume of liquids is measured in litres or mililitres. The volume of solids is measured in cubic metres or cubic centimetres.

Other properties: objects also have other properties: colour, hardness, lustre and transparency.

MATTER

Everything around us is made of matter.
Rocks, tables and windows are made of matter.
Water and air are matter.
We call all the different types of matter substances.
Water, air, iron and quartz are substances.

REMEMBER

THE CHANGES OF STATE OF WATER
Water can exist in three states; as a solid, a liquid and a gas.
Ice is solid, water in rivers and lakes is liquid, and water in the atmosphere is water vapour.


PRODUCTS FROM PLANTS
Plants give us wood, paper, cotton, linen and other products.


PRODUCTS FROM ANIMALS
Animals give us materials such as leather, wool and silk.

IMAGES FROM: SILK DEVIANTART; WOOL WIKIPEDIA; LEATHER WIKIPEDIA; PAPER DEVIANTART; WOOD WIKIPEDIA; LINEN WIKIPEDIA, COTTON WIKIPEDIA